Volume 07 Issue 11 November 2024
Voulgaraki Krystalina
Social Worker, Special Educator, PhD Candidate, Democritus University of Thrace
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i11-14Google Scholar Download Pdf
ABSTRACT
The objectives of this study were to examine whether the sense of social support and resilience affect hope and are recognized as protective factors against hopelessness as well as the detection of demographic factors that may influence hope. The survey was conducted in the region of Nothern Greece and involved a total of 228 people aged 18 to 72 years. The research tools used for the purpose of research, in addition to demographic data form, was the Adult Dispositional Hope Scale-ADHS, the Herth Hope Index-HHI, the Connor - Davidson Resilience Scale - CD-RISC-25 and the Interpersonal Support Evaluation List-ISEL. The results of the survey are useful for mental health and social service professionals. The findings yield valuable information that contributes to the early identification of those elements that make up and reinforce the occurrence of hopelessness in the general population and the factors, such as mental resilience and social support, that protect and contribute to human well-being.
KEYWORDS:hope, hopelessness, resilience, social support.
REFERENCES1) Abramson, L. Y., Metalsky, G. I. & Alloy, L. B. (1989). Hopelessness depression: A theory based subtype of depression. Psychological Review, 96, 358-372.
2) Adger, W. (2000). Social and ecological resilience: are they related? Progress in Human Geography, 24(3), 347–364.
3) Affleck, G. & Tennen, H. (1996). Construing benefits from adversity: Adaptational significance and dispositional underpinnings. Journal of Personality, 64, 899–922.
4) Alvarez, J. & Hunt, M. (2005). Risk and Resilience in Canine Search and Rescue Handlers After 9/11. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18(5), 497–505.
5) Anderson, J. R. (1988). The role of hope in appraisal, goal-setting, expectancy and coping. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence.
6) Bartley, M., Head, J. & Stansfeld, S. (2007). Is attachment style a source of resilience against health inequalities at work? Social Science & Medicine, 64, 765–775.
7) Beck, A, .T., Weissman, A., Lester, D. & Trexler, L. (1974). The measurement of pessimism: The Hopelessness Scale. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42, 861-865.
8) Beck, A. T. & Steerr, A. (1988). Manual for Beck Hopelessness Scale. San Antonio, TX: Psychological Corp.
9) Boyden, J. & Cooper, E. (2006). Questioning the Power of Resilience: Are Children Up To the Task of Disrupting the Transmission of Poverty? This paper was presented at the CPRC Workshop on Concepts and Methods for Analysing Poverty Dynamics and Chronic Poverty. University of Manchester, UK.
10) Brand, F. S. & Jax, K. (2007). Focusing the meaning(s) of resilience: resilience as a descriptive concept and a boundary object. Ecology and Society, 12(1), 23. Buhrmester, D., Furman, W., Wittenberg, M. T. & Reis, H. T. (1988). Five Domains of Interpersonal Competence in Peer Relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55(6), 9911008.
11) Burchardt, T.& Huerta, M.C. (2008). Introduction: Resilience and Social Exclusion. Social Policy & Society, 8(1), 59–61
12) Chioqueta, A. P. & Stiles, T. C. (2005). Personality traits and the development of depression, hopelessness, and suicide ideation. Personality and Individual Differences, 38, 1283–1291.
13) Cannon, B., Mulroy, R., Otto, M. W., Rosenbaum, J. F., Fava, M. & Nierenberg, A. A. (1999). Dysfunctional attitudes and poor problem solving skills predict hopelessness in major depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 55, 45–49.
14) Connor, K. & Davidson, J. (2003).Development of a new resilience scale: The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CDRISC). Depression and Anxiety, 18, 76–82.
15) Deegan, P. (2005). The importance of personal medicine: A qualitative study of resilience in people with psychiatric disabilities. Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, 33, 1-7.
16) Delistamati, E., Samakouri, M. A., Davis, E., Vorvolakos, T., Xenitidis, K. & Livaditis, M. (2006). Interpersonal Support Evaluation List (ISEL) - College Version: Validation and Application in a Greek Sample. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 52(6), 552-560.
17) Dixon, W. A., Heppner, P. P. & Anderson, W. P. (1991). Problem-Solving Appraisal, Stress, Hopelessness and Suicide Ideation in a College Population. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 38(1), 51-56.
18) Garmezy, N., Rutter, M. (eds) (1983). Stress, Coping and Development in Children. McGraw Hill, New York.
19) Gilligan, R (2008). Promoting resilience in young people in long-term care - The relevance of roles and relationships in the domains of recreation and work. Journal of Social work, 22(1), 37-50.
20) Haatainen, K., Tanskanen, A., Kylmaä, J., Honkalampi, K., Koivumaa-Honkanen, H., Hintikka, J. & Viinamaki, H. (2004). Factors Associated with Hopelessness: A Population Study. International Journal of Social Psychiatry,50(2), 142152.
21) Harris, T.S. & Molock, S.D. (2000). Cultural Orientation, Family Cohesion, and Family Support in Suicide Ideation and Depression among African American College Students. Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, 30(4), 341-353.
22) Haynes, N. M. (2005). Personalized leadership for effective schooling. [Online] Διαθέσιμο στη διεύθυνση: www.atdp.berkeley.edu/haynes_keynote_04.ppt
23) Johnston, S.F. (1997). Assesment of Patient Hope as a Predictor of Stroke Rehabilitation Outcome. Thesis, Department of Psychology, Carleton University Ottawa, Ontario.
24) Karatas, Z. & Ersoy, M. (2011). Self-Esteem and hopelessness, and resiliency: An exploratory study of adolescents in Turkey. International Education Studies, 4, 84-91.
25) Lynch, W. F. (1965). Images of hope: Imagination as healer of the hopeless. Baltimore, MD: Helicon.
26) Manyena, S. B. (2006). The concept of resilience revisited. Disasters, 30(4), 433−450.
27) Masten, A. (2001). Ordinary Magic. Resilience Processes in Development. American Psychologist, 56(3), 227-238.
28) Mikulincer, M. & Florian, V. (1997). Are emotional and instrumental supportive interactions beneficial in times of stress? The impact of attachment style. Anxiety, Stress & Coping: An International Journal, 10(2), 109-127.
29) Miller, J. F., & Powers, M. J. (1988). Development of an instrument to measure hope. Nursing Research, 37(1), 6-10.
30) Mohaupt, S. (2008). Review Article: Resilience and Social Exclusion. Social Policy & Society, 8(1), 63–71.
31) Murberg T.A. & Bru, E. (2004). Social Support, Negative Life Events and Emotional Problems Among Norwegian Adolescents. School Psychology International, 25, 387-403.
32) O’Connor, R.C. & Sheehy, N.P. (2000). Understanding suicidal behaviour. Leicester: BPS Books.
33) O’Reilly, P. (1988). Methodological issues in social support and social network research. Society Sciences of Medicine, 26(8), 863-873.
34) Rieger, E. (1993). Correlates of adult hope, including high- and low-hope adults’ recollection of parents. Psychology honors thesis, Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence.
35) Segrin, C. & Taylor, M. (2007). Positive interpersonal relationships mediate the association between social skills and psychological well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 43, 637–646.
36) Snyder, C. R. (2002). Hope Theory: Rainbows in the Mind. Psychological Inquiry: An International Journal for the Advancement of Psychological Theory, 13(4), 249-275.
37) Snyder, C.R., Cheavens, J. & Sympson, S.C. (1997). Hope: An individual motive for social commerce. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 1, 107–118.
38) Snyder, C.R., Cheavens, J.,& Michael, S.T. (1999). Hoping. In C. R. Snyder (Ed.), Coping: The psychology of what works (pp. 205–231). New York: Oxford University Press.
39) Snyder, C.R., Taylor, J.D., Gum, A., Rand, K.L., Kahle, K.E., Brown, J. et al. (2001). Hope and physical pain tolerance. Unpublished manuscript, Department of Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence.
40) Thompson, L.Y., Snyder, C.R., Hoffman, L., Michael, S.T., Rosmussen, H.N., Billings, L.S. et al. (2002). Dispositional forgiveness of self, others, and situations. Unpublished manuscript, University of Kansas, Lawrence.
41) Turner, R.J. & Marino, F. (1994). Social Support and Social Structure: A Descriptive Epidemiology. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 35(3), 193-212.
